| | 101 | Name: | Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg | | | Institution: | Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1945 | | | | | | |
Harvey V. Fineberg began serving as President of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation in 2014. He served as President of the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) from 2002 to 2014. He served as Provost of Harvard University from 1997 to 2001, following thirteen years as Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health. He has devoted most of his academic career to the fields of health policy and medical decision making, including assessment of medical technology, evaluation and use of vaccines, and dissemination of medical innovations. In March of 2020 he was named chair of the Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats. The standing committee was requested by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and will provide a neutral forum for experts to rapidly engage with the federal government.
Dr. Fineberg helped found and served as president of the Society for Medical Decision Making and has been a consultant to the World Health Organization. He serves on the boards of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, The China Medical Board, and the Association François-Xavier Bagnoud (USA).
Dr. Fineberg is co-author of the books Clinical Decision Analysis, Innovators in Physician Education, and The Epidemic that Never Was, an analysis of the controversial federal immunization program against swine flu in 1976. He has co-edited books on such diverse topics as AIDS prevention, vaccine safety, and understanding risk in society. He has also authored numerous articles published in professional journals. Dr. Fineberg received the Stephen Smith Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Public Health from the New York Academy of Medicine, the Frank A. Calderone Prize in Public Health, awarded by the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, the Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research, awarded by Friends of Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Harvard Medal from the Harvard Alumni Association, and a number of honorary degrees. He earned his bachelor's and doctoral degrees from Harvard University. | |
| 102 | Name: | Professor Matthew L. M. Fletcher | | | Institution: | University of Michigan Law School | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1972 | | | | | | |
Matthew L. M. Fletcher is the Harry Burns Hutchins Collegiate Professor of Law at the University of Michigan and the Chief Justice of both the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians and the Poarch Band of Creek Indians. He received his J.D. from the University of Michigan in 1997. He previously worked as a staff attorney for the Pascua Yaqui, Hoopa, Suquamish, and Grand Traverse Tribes, and taught at the Michigan State University College of Law and the University of North Dakota School of Law. He has been a visiting professor at the law schools at the University of Arizona, the University of California, Hastings, the University of Montana, and Stanford University. He is a frequent instructor at the Pre-Law Summer Institute for American Indian students.
Fletcher (Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians) is the leading academic and most prolific scholar in American Indian Law today. His scholarship has been cited by the United States Supreme Court; in more than a dozen federal, state, and tribal courts; and in hundreds of law review articles and other secondary legal authorities. Over a decade ago, he proposed and then became the reporter for the American Law Institute (ALI) "Restatement of the Law: The Law of American Indians." Several portions of that work have already received final approval by the ALI. For perhaps two decades, he has operated the influential Turtle Talk blog which students, professors, and attorneys use on a daily basis.
He has been a co-author of the leading Indian Law casebook since 2013 and has written numerous other books and dozens of law review articles. These include: American Indian Education: Counternarratives in Racism, Struggle, and the Law (2008), The Return of the Eagle: The Legal History of the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (2012), Federal Indian Law (2016), Principles of Federal Indian Law (2017), and The Ghost Road: Anishinaabe Responses to Indian Hating (2020). Fletcher was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2022. | |
| 103 | Name: | Mr. Richard J. Franke | | | Institution: | The John Nuveen Company; Chicago Humanities Festival | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | Death Date: | April 15, 2022 | | | | | | |
Richard Franke, who served for a distinguished twenty-two years as Chief Executive Officer of the John Nuveen Company, has been called the business community’s most visible and effective public advocate for humanities and for the value of a liberal arts education. He has been a trustee of Yale University, the University of Chicago, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Chicago Orchestral Association, the Newberry Library, and the Illinois Humanities Council. As chairman of the latter, he spearheaded the founding of the Chicago Humanities Festival, a city-wide event that brings together the major cultural institutions of the city and guest visitors from around the world in a wide-ranging celebration of the arts and humanities through lectures, exhibitions, and symposia. In addition, the Frankes have been generous philanthropists, contributing to many cultural institutions. Among these, they have endowed the Franke Humanities Institute and a humanities professorship at the University of Chicago and have donated fellowships, lectureships, and significant support to the library and to the Whitney Humanities Institute at Yale University. In recognition of his role, Mr. Franke was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President Clinton in 1997. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, he received the Phi Beta Kappa Society’s National Award for Distinguished Service to the Humanities in 2000 and the Phyllis Franklin Award for Public Advocacy of the Humanities from the Modern Language Association in 2007. He earned an M.B.A. from Harvard University. He is the author of Cut from Whole Cloth (2005), and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2011. | |
| 104 | Name: | Mr. Kenneth C. Frazier | | | Institution: | Merck & Co., Inc. | | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1954 | | | | | | |
Kenneth C. Frazier serves as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors at Merck, after stepping down as President and Chief Executive Officer of Merck & Co., Inc. in 2021 after 10 years at the helm. Under Mr. Frazier's leadership, Merck delivered innovative lifesaving medicines and vaccines as well as long-term and sustainable value to its multiple stakeholders. Mr. Frazier substantially increased Merck's investment in research, including early research, while refocusing the organization on the launch and growth of key products that provide benefit to society. He has also led the formation of philanthropic and other initiatives that build on Merck's 125-year plus legacy.
Mr. Frazier joined the company in 1992 as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the company's joint venture with Astra AB. He became Vice President of Public Affairs in 1994, and in 1997 was also named Assistant General Counsel. In 1999 Mr. Frazier was promoted to General Counsel of Merck. From 2007 to 2010 he served as President of Global Human Health, Merck's sales and marketing division. In 2010 he became President of Merck. He was appointed CEO and a member of Merck's Board of Directors in January 2011 and became Chairman of the Board in December 2011.
Prior to joining Merck, Mr. Frazier was a partnet with the Philadelphia law firm of Drinker Biddle & Reath. He sits on the boards of PhRMA, Weill Cornell Medicine, Exxon Mobile Corporation, and Cornerstone Christian Academy in Philadelphia, PA. He also is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Business Council, the Council of the American Law Institute, and the American Bar Association. He received his bachelor's degree from the Pennsylvania State University and holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2018. | |
| 105 | Name: | Mr. William H. Frederick | | | Institution: | Private Gardens Incorporated | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | August 15, 2018 | | | | | | |
William H. Frederick, Jr. gardened in Delaware from the age of eight. He was a registered landscape architect (Private Gardens, Incorporated), specializing in residential garden design, and a member of the Board of Longwood Gardens (Kennett Square, Pennsylvania). He was the author of 100 Great Garden Plants (1975, reprinted 1986) and The Exuberant Garden and the Controlling Hand (1992) and a contributor to Denise Magnani's The Winterthur Garden, Henry Francis du Pont's Romance with the Land. Frederick shared his knowledge of plants and design by serving as member of the Gibraltar Garden Restoration Committee, member of the Planning Review Committee of the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, and curator of the American Philosophical Society's Jefferson Garden. His achievements earned him awards including the Distinguished Achievement Medal, Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 1980; The Henry Francis duPont Award for Garden Design, from Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library, 2001; and the Veitch Memorial Gold Medal, The Royal Horticultural Society, 2005. | |
| 106 | Name: | Mr. James O. Freedman | | | Institution: | Dartmouth College; University of Iowa | | | Year Elected: | 2002 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | Death Date: | March 21, 2006 | | | | |
| 107 | Name: | Mr. Lee Friedlander | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | | | | |
Photographer Lee Friedlander studied with Edward Kaminski at the Art Center, Los Angeles, from 1953-55 before settling in New York, where he began photographing jazz musicians. Eugène Atget, Walker Evans and Robert Frank were among his early influences. His discovery of the work of E. J. Bellocq led to an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in 1970. His first one-man show was held in 1963 at the International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House in Rochester, N.Y. Friedlander's fascination with reflections in glass that suggest multiple layers in depth received increased attention in the 1960s. His critical eye, which began photographing the U.S. social landscape in the 1960s, produced the first of many volumes, Newark, New Jersey, in 1962. He then developed affinities with Jim Dine and Pop art that resulted in their Works from the Same House. Urban life became more prominent in Friedlander's work in the 1970s (Albuquerque, 1972), which led to The American Monument (1976) devoted to public monuments. In the 1980s he photographed industrial areas in the Ohio valley (Factory Valleys: Ohio and Pennsylvania, 1982) and furthered a continuing interest in nature with Flowers and Trees (1981) and Cherry Blossom Time in Japan (1986). Friedlander received Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Grants in 1960, 1962 and 1977; a MacArthur Foundation Award in 1990; a Chevalier des Arts et Lettres from France in 1999; and a Skowhegan Medal in Photography in 2000. A recent exhibition, "Lee Friedlander: A Ramble in Olmsted Parks", appeared at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2008, and "America by Car" was both published and exhibited at the Whitney Museum of Art in 2010. In 2014 he published Family in the Picture: 1958-2013. | |
| 108 | Name: | Mr. Thomas L. Friedman | | | Institution: | The New York Times | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
For 20 years, sophisticated readers have turned to Thomas Friedman's reporting and commentary for guidance on major world events. As foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times since 1995, he has won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for international reporting (from Lebanon, 1983, and from Israel, 1988) and one for distinguished commentary, the latter of which, in 2002, commended his "clarity of vision based on extensive reporting." His From Beirut to Jerusalem has become a standard text on the Middle East. Mr. Friedman earned an M.A. in Modern Middle East Studies from Oxford University (1978) and has been a foreign correspondent and bureau chief in Beirut (1979-81, 1982-84) for United Press International and Jerusalem bureau chief (1984-88) and chief White House correspondent (1992-94) for The New York Times, among other positions. His most recent books are Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution - and How It Can Renew America (2008) and That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It Invented and How We Can Come Back (2011). | |
| 109 | Name: | Mr. Jon R. Friedman | | | Year Elected: | 2016 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1947 | | | | | | |
Jon R. Friedman’s portraits, landscape paintings, and sculptures have been shown in exhibitions throughout the United States. His portrait work is represented in numerous public and institutional collections here and abroad, including the National Portrait Gallery, the U.S. House of Representatives where his portraits of Barney Frank, Henry Waxman, Louise Slaughter and Dalip Singh Saund are on permanent display, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, the American Philosophical Society, the Carnegie Institute of Washington, the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal Society in Great Britain, the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; the California Institute of Technology; the University of Pennsylvania, New York University, BrandeisUniversity, Wesleyan University, and the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
In 2008 Friedman was commissioned by the National Portrait Gallery to paint a double portrait of Bill and Melinda Gates. In 2014 the museum added his portrait of Ted Turner to its collection. In addition to these works on canvas, over the past decade, the museum has acquired twelve of Friedman’s preliminary studies for various public commissions. In 2013 Michael Bloomberg commissioned Friedman to paint his portrait for the NYC City Hall Portrait Collection.
Friedman grew up in Arlington, Virginia. He received a BA in philosophy from Princeton University and an MFA from Cranbrook Academy in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He also studied at the Corcoran Museum School and the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture. He lives with his wife, the writer Joanne Barkan, in New York City and Truro, Massachusetts.
Friedman’s father, Herbert Friedman, a renowned astrophysicist and pioneering rocket astronomer, who passed away in 2000, was a long time member of the American Philosophical Society. | |
| 110 | Name: | Dr. Edward A. Frieman | | | Institution: | Scripps Institute of Oceanography & University of California, San Diego | | | Year Elected: | 1990 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | April 11, 2013 | | | | | | |
Edward Frieman made equally outstanding contributions to science and public service. A plasma physicist with research interests that extend into other physical science fields, Dr. Frieman is best known for his contributions to stability problems in plasma flow and to the fundamental properties of turbulence flow. His experience in plasma dynamics also permitted an easy transition to the oceanographic questions posed by stratified rotating fluids. A professor at Princeton University for more than 25 years, Dr. Frieman was also employed in the private sector and by the federal government. He had served as Assistant Secretary of the Department of Energy, on the White House Science Council, and on a number of United States Navy boards. He was appointed director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego in 1986 and became Research Professor and Director Emeritus in 1996. He had also been Senior Vice President, Science/Technology at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). Among Dr. Frieman's many honors are the Department of Energy Distinguished Service Medal (1980) and the Richtmyer Award from the American Physical Society (1984). He was a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Astronomical Society, Sigma Xi, and the New York Academy of Sciences. He earned his master's degree in physics in 1948 and his doctoral degree in physics in 1952 from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, New York.
Edward A. Frieman died on April 11, 2013, in La Jolla, California, at the age of 87. | |
| 111 | Name: | Dr. Wolfgang F. Fruehwald | | | Institution: | Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | Death Date: | January 18, 2019 | | | | | | |
Wolfgang Fruehwald died on January 18, 2019 in Augsburg, Germany at the age of 83. Below is a biographical essay he wrote following his election to the American Philosophical Society in 2010.
Augsburg, where I was born in August 1935, is a city in the Swabian part of Bavaria with about 250,000 residents. Thus, until today I speak with a Swabian accent. I grew up in a small family of four persons, father, mother and my brother who is four years my senior. We lived in a small green suburb, called "garden-town," that means we had a big garden with flowers, fruits and vegetables, and a huge forest was nearby. When I was four years old, the world turned into fire and war. The Nazis started the Second World War, and some years later my school was bombed. But as luck would have it our family survived. In April 1945, peace was a brand new experience for me. It was a godsend that the following decades, the decades of my life as a boy and a man, are the longest periods of peace which Europe ever experienced in modern history. In autumn 1945, the schools were reopened. I went to high school and studied Latin, Greek, English, a little bit of French and Hebrew. When I received my high school-diploma in 1954 I was 19 years old. My fiancée, Victoria Schwarzkopf, was my classmate in the last classes of high school. We married four years later and are lucky enough to have now been married for more than 50 years. We have five children, two daughters and three sons (also three daughters in law), and 11 grandchildren.
In 1954, when I began to study at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, I was an outsider in my family. I studied German Language and Literature, History, Geography and Philosophy to become a high school-teacher in Bavaria. My grandfather and my father were railway employees in Germany. My brother chose the same career. In 1958, I received my first university degree (Staatsexamen) and was appointed assistant professor at the Institute of German Philology at Munich University. I received my Ph.D. in 1961, with a dissertation about medieval sermons from the 13th century, in 1969 I received the postdoctorate qualification (Habilitation) with a book about the German poet Clemens Brentano. My first appointment as full professor of History of German Literature was in 1970 at the University Trier-Kaiserslautern. In 1974, I accepted an offer for a chair at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich. I declined offers from the University of Augsburg (1973) and the Free University of Berlin (1985). In 1985, I accepted an invitation as Distinguished Max Kade Visiting Professor at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.
In 1984, when I was elected a member and four years later chairman of a reviewers committee (Fachausschuss) of the German Research Association (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), a busy period began in my life. Working for nongovernmental organizations of science and scholarship in Germany, Austria, Israel and the European Union I met very experienced colleagues and learned something new every day. It is not possible to enumerate all the functions and appointments which I had in science policy, science management and science organizations during more than twenty years. But, in addition to my chair at an institute with more than 6,000 students, my work for the German Research Association and the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation were the main obligations which I held. I was elected a member of the senate and the grants committee of the German Research Association in 1986. In 1991, I was elected and 1994 reelected President of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. After six years in office (two terms, 1991 - 1997) I returned to my chair in Munich. In 1999, I was elected President of the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation. The foundation has alumni-clubs in more than 50 countries of the world. During the eight years of my presidency (1999 - 2007) I visited 32 of them on different continents, in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, in the United States, in Canada and in some countries of South America. I travelled once or twice every year around the world and I met new and old members of the worldwide Humboldt-Family. Looking back at 45 years as a scholar and a science manager I am very grateful that in many difficult situations and in each country which I visited I found collaborators, members and friends of the big science community which gave me the confidence that we are together able to increase the quality of life. Since 2003, I have been Professor Emeritus, since 2008 Honorary President of the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation. | |
| 112 | Name: | Hon. J. William Fulbright | | | Institution: | U. S. Senate | | | Year Elected: | 1953 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1905 | | | Death Date: | 2/9/95 | | | | |
| 113 | Name: | Dr. Ellen V. Futter | | | Institution: | American Museum of Natural History | | | Year Elected: | 2009 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1949 | | | | | | |
Ellen V. Futter has been President of the American Museum of Natural History since 1993. Before joining the museum, she served as President of Barnard College for 13 years where, at the time of her inauguration, she was the youngest person to assume the presidency of a major American college. Committed to public service, Ms. Futter serves on the boards of several non-profit and for-profit organizations. She formerly served as Chairman of the Board of New York Federal Reserve Bank. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Sciences and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She has received numerous honorary degrees and awards. Ms. Futter graduated Phi Beta Kappa, magna cum laude, from Barnard in 1971 and earned her J.D. degree from Columbia Law School in 1974. Her career began at Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy where she practiced corporate law. Ellen V. Futter was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2009. | |
| 114 | Name: | Dr. David Pierpont Gardner | | | Institution: | University of Utah & University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | | | | |
For more than 40 years, David Pierpont Gardner has set a standard of excellence for higher education leadership. Nationally recognized as a visionary for his work throughout America's higher education structure, he was most recently Professor of Educational Leadership and Policy at the University of Utah, President Emeritus of the University of California and Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. From 1983-92, Dr. Gardner served as the 15th president of the now 10-campus University of California system, one of the world's most distinguished centers of higher learning, and during his presidency, he successfully led the university through periods of intense controversy over affirmative action, animal rights, AIDS research, weapons labs and divestment in South Africa. In 1992, he was named president emeritus of the University of California. While serving as president of the University of Utah from 1973-83, Dr. Gardner chaired the U.S. Department of Education's Commission on Excellence in Education, which helped spark a national effort to improve and reform United States schools through its influential report "A Nation at Risk". Prior to his tenure at the University of Utah, Dr. Gardner spent seven years as a faculty member and vice chancellor of the University of California, Santa Barbara, during a tumultuous era of culture wars, ethnic division and anti-Vietnam-war protests. He is the author of many articles and books on educational policy reform. The latter include The California Oath Controversy; Higher Education and Government: An Uneasy Alliance; and Earning My Degree: Memoirs of an American University President. Dr. Gardner has earned numerous awards for his work, including the California School Board's Research Foundation Hall of Fame Award, the James Bryan Conant Award, and the Fulbright 40th Anniversary Distinguished Fellow Award. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration, a member of the National Academy of Education, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Dr. Gardner received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966. | |
| 115 | Name: | Dr. Richard N. Gardner | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | February 16, 2019 | | | | | | |
Richard N. Gardner was Professor of Law and International Organization at Columbia Law School and Senior Counsel to Morgan Lewis, a global law firm. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Italy from 1977-81 and as U.S. Ambassador to Spain from 1993-97. During his service in Spain, he received the Thomas Jefferson Award for his contributions to U.S. citizens abroad. From 1961-65 he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. He was a member of the President's Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) and of the U.S. delegation to the Ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organization held in Seattle at the end of 1999. He was later a member of the State Department's Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy. Professor Gardner held a Doctor of Jurisprudence from Yale Law School, a Doctor of Philosophy degree in economics from Oxford University, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar, and a B.A. degree in economics from Harvard University. His Oxford thesis, published by the Oxford University Press as Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy, has been described as the "classic" study of Anglo-American economic collaboration in the creation of the Bretton Woods institutions and GATT. He authored four other books on international affairs, including In Pursuit of World Order: US Foreign Policy and International Organization. His latest book, Mission Italy: On the Front Lines of the Cold War, was published in Italian by Mondadori in September 2004 and presented in the Italian Parliament by two former Italian Prime Ministers. The U.S. edition was published in 2005. He was also the author of numerous articles in Foreign Affairs, the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, and other publications. In 1992 the Council on Foreign Relations published his booklet entitled Negotiating Survival: Four Priorities After Rio. Professor Gardner was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the Council on Foreign Relations. He was a member of the International Advisory Board of Grupo Santander of Spain and served on the International Capital Markets Advisory Committee of the New York Stock Exchange. He was Vice President of the American Ditchley Foundation and a member of the Board of the Salzburg Seminar. In 2000, Professor Gardner served as a public delegate to the 55th "Millennium" United Nations General Assembly. He served as Special Advisor to the United Nations at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, as he did in 1972 to the U.N. Conference on the Human Environment. From 1982-93 he was Co-Chairman of the Aspen Institute Program on the United States and the World Economy. He also served from 1988-92 as chairman of the U.S. group in a joint Russian-American program on the United Nations and collective security, established under the auspices of the U.S. and Russian U.N. Associations. He was a member of a U.N. Association group engaged in a dialogue on multilateral issues with the Chinese Institute of International Studies. Professor Gardner married the former Danielle Almeida Luzzatto, a columnist for the Italian magazine Chi?. The Gardners had two children, Nina Gardner Olivieri, a lawyer and consultant in Paris, and Anthony Laurence Gardner, a former member of the staff of the National Security Council, a lawyer, and currently Executive Director of GE Commercial Finance-Europe in London. Richard N. Gardner died February 16, 2019 in New York, NY at the age of 91. | |
| 116 | Name: | Dr. Eugene Garfield | | | Institution: | The Scientist; Institute for Scientific Information/Thomson Scientific | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | February 26, 2017 | | | | | | |
Eugene Garfield was a pioneer in information retrieval systems and the inventor of Current Contents (1958), Index Chemicus (1960), Science Citation Index (1964), Social Sciences Citation Index (1970), and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (1975). He was an eclectic science communicator, founding publisher/editor of The Scientist, and author of over 1,000 articles and books. His annual impact factor rankings of ISI's Journal Citation Reports (1975) have promoted high journal standards worldwide. His HistCite system (1964) of algorithmic historiography now maps research topics from searches of the ISI Web of Science database of 30,000,000 articles. Modern scholarship in the sciences and the humanities relies heavily on the retrieval of information and the assessment of its impact on the thinking of others. Garfield developed the technique of Science Citation. Papers are ranked based on the number of times that they are referenced in other papers. Google is based on the same principle. Web sites are ranked in the list that is generated by the search words or phrase based on the number of times other Web sites refer to them. In their Stanford thesis that is the basis of the Google concept, Google's founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin cited Garfield's invention of Science Citations. His invention has been a major contribution to information technology and to American and world business. Eugene Garfield died February 26, 2017, at the age of 91. | |
| 117 | Name: | Thomas Sovereign Gates | | | Year Elected: | 1959 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1906 | | | Death Date: | 3/26/83 | | | | |
| 118 | Name: | Dr. Henry Louis Gates | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1950 | | | | | | |
Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. Emmy and Peabody Award-winning filmmaker, literary scholar, journalist, cultural critic, and institution builder, Professor Gates has published numerous books and produced and hosted an array of documentary films. The Black Church (PBS) and Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches (HBO), which he executive produced, each received Emmy nominations. His latest history series for PBS is Making Black America: Through the Grapevine. Finding Your Roots, Gates’s groundbreaking genealogy and genetics series, has completed its ninth season on PBS and will return for a tenth season in 2024.
Gates is a recipient of a number of honorary degrees, including his alma mater, the University of Cambridge. Gates was a member of the first class awarded “genius grants” by the MacArthur Foundation in 1981, and in 1998 he became the first African American scholar to be awarded the National Humanities Medal.
A native of Piedmont, West Virginia, Gates earned his B.A. in History, summa cum laude, from Yale University in 1973, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in English Literature from Clare College at Cambridge in 1979, where he is also an Honorary Fellow. A former chair of the Pulitzer Prize board, he is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and serves on a wide array of boards, including the New York Public Library, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the Aspen Institute, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Library of America, and The Studio Museum of Harlem. In 2011, his portrait, by Yuqi Wang, was hung in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1995. | |
| 119 | Name: | Dr. Atul Gawande | | | Institution: | Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital | | | Year Elected: | 2012 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1965 | | | | | | |
Atul Gawande is currently an Associate Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School, an Associate Professor of Health Policy and Management at Harvard University School of Public Health and General and Endocrine Surgeon at Brigham and Women's Hospital. On November 9, 2020 he was named a member of President-elect Joe Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board. Born in New York, he received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1995. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006 and has authored Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science (2002), Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance (2007), The Checklist Manifesto (2010), and Being Mortal (2014). He is a member of the Institute of Medicine (2011).
Atul Gawande combines the talents of a surgeon and a splendid writer whose mission is to make hospitals in general and surgery in particular safer and more cost effective in the United States and around the globe. His training in medicine and public health and his current work in teaching, research, and the practice of surgery at one of America's most respected hospitals provide him with practically unique qualifications to affect policies and procedures in hospital settings through his writings. As a staff writer for The New Yorker, he contributes essays that garner national attention and his first book has been published in more than a hundred countries. His research, which has resulted in numerous publications in the medical journals, focuses on surgical technique, medical care for combat wounds, and medical errors. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012. | |
| 120 | Name: | Dr. A. Barlett Giamatti | | | Institution: | National League | | | Year Elected: | 1982 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | Death Date: | 9/1/89 | | | | |
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